Characteristics of surfactants in laundry detergent

1. Surface active substances of laundry detergent There are many types of surfactants, in order of their yields, they are: anionic 56%, non-ionic 36%, 5% and 3%. 2. Anionic surfactants. 2.1 This type of anionic surfactant sulfonate is usually composed of sodium straight-chain alkyl benzene sulfonate and sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate. Alias ​​LAS or ABS, it is a white or light yellow powder or flake solid, soluble in water, but its water solubility is poor at low temperature, and its solubility in water is poor at room temperature. There are good solubility properties. The product is relatively stable in alkali, dilute acid and hard water, and the decomposition temperature is 240℃. When the LD50 is 1300~2500mg/kg, the stimulation index of 10% solution is 5.0, and the microbial degradation rate is 80%~90%. Sodium alkenyl sulfonate is also known as AOS. The active agent content is 38%~40%, it is a yellow transparent liquid, and it is easily dissolved in water. pH2.pH4.pH10 is stable in various pH ranges, 30°C, 3°C, pH2, pH4.pH10 are all 0. Does not irritate the skin, the biodegradation rate is 100%, and the LD50 is between 1300 and 2400 mg/kg. LAS is generally not used in shampoos, is used less often in the shower, and is usually used in liquid cleaners (dishwashing detergents) on clothes. Laundry liquid can account for about half of the total amount of surfactant in detergent, but in fact, the adjustment range of LAS in clothing detergent is relatively wide. The water solubility of LAS is mainly manifested at high temperature (such as 60°C), and it is compounded with some surfactants. A typical system used in detergents is the 'LAS-AES-FFA' ternary system. The composite system used in clothing detergents is mainly LAS-soap-γ-SAA. It should be pointed out that the compounding of LAS and nonionic surfactant alkyl alcohol amide may not achieve good results. The LAS-FFA system is unstable, with low viscosity and white milky appearance. LAS is the variety with the highest yield (290kt/a) and the lowest price of synthetic surfactants. LAS has the lowest price among the top 5 synthetic surfactants in terms of yield, and is comparable to common anionic surfactant soaps (fatty ester soaps). The outstanding advantages of the utility model are good stability, strong decontamination ability and low price, and the outstanding disadvantage is that it is highly irritating. AOS has the best performance among sulfonate compounds, and its laundry detergent has the advantages or advantages of general sulfonates, but does not have the shortcomings of sulfonates. AOS is a commonly used primary surfactant, commonly used in shampoo and shower. With the realization of product localization (price reduction), the application in other liquid detergents will gradually increase. This product has the characteristics of stability, water solubility, good compatibility, low irritation, strong microbial degradation ability, etc., and has good biodegradation performance; the outstanding disadvantage is that it is expensive. 2.2 Sulfate anionic surfactants. Commonly used activators of this type are sodium aliphatic alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate. Aliphatic alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, also known as sodium ether sulfate. Its solubility in water is as high as 70%, the active substance is a light yellow viscous liquid (translucent), and its stability is lower than that of ordinary sulfonates. The hydrolysis rate below pH4 is faster, and the hydrolysis stability is better under alkaline conditions. The hydrolysis rates of pH2, pH4 and pH10 solutions at 30°C and 3 days were 100%, 50%, and 0, respectively. Low stimulation, 10% solution stimulation index 2.3. The degradation rate is above 90%. The LD50 value is 1800 mg/kg. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is also known as AS.K12. Sodium Coco Sulfate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. It is easily soluble in water at 25°C, and the solubility is about 15, which is lower than AES. It is not sensitive to alkali and hard water, but its stability under acidic conditions is second in laundry detergent, close to AES, long-term heating should not exceed 95 °C, and the surfactant is irritating. The irritation index of 10% solution is 3.3, which is higher than AES. , below LAS. The normal value for LD50 is 1300 mg/kg.
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