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The development of detergents

by:Jingliang     2023-07-01
Detergent Development - Phosphorus and Phosphate Free. Humans first used things like saponins to wash clothes, and the invention of soap made great progress. Soap, as a surfactant, greatly improves the detergency. However, the calcium and magnesium plasma in the water will combine with the surfactant, which will not only make the bound surfactant lose its effect, but also the combination itself will become a new deposit. In addition to surfactants, washing powder also adds some other auxiliary ingredients to increase the washing effect. The most important thing is phosphate. The binding ability of phosphate anion and calcium and magnesium ions is much higher than that of surfactant, and its meaning is used to protect the surfactant. Since phosphate is cheaper than surfactant, adding phosphate to laundry detergent reduces the cost of washing and is welcomed by laundry detergent manufacturers. Ordinary phosphorus-containing washing powder has a phosphorus content of about 10%. Phosphate, harmless to humans by itself, is an environmental killer because it is a nutrient for plant growth. Algae are always present in bodies of water such as lakes. The growth of algae requires the main nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Generally, there is no shortage of carbon and nitrogen, so phosphorus becomes the limiting factor for algae growth. The phosphorus contained in domestic sewage is deposited in the lake, which is a timely help for algae. One kilogram of phosphorus can grow 700 kilograms of algae. Many detergents also include some bleach, which often contains chlorine, which becomes a source of environmental pollution. Ordinary surfactants have higher activity at high temperatures, so ordinary detergents have a higher effect in hot water, which is why laundry is easy to wash with hot water. It is not difficult to see that the reason for the environmental harm caused by detergents is the cost of maintaining washing effect. Therefore, in order to reduce the harm of detergents to the environment, it is necessary to avoid the above-mentioned harmful ingredients under the premise of maintaining washing efficiency. Phosphate-free laundry detergents are an improvement, and they usually replace phosphate and calcium and magnesium ions with phosphorus-free inorganic ingredients. Reducing the environmental hazards of phosphorus has certainly been successful. However, these alternative ingredients go into nature and bring other pollution. Therefore, simple phosphate replacement is only to reduce anger pollution, not necessarily completely eliminate detergent pollution. It is also irresponsible to claim that it is green and environmentally friendly without phosphorus.
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